Pistol
A surefire follow-up would be FX on Hulu's miniseries based on the rise of punk rock band, Sex Pistols. Not only does Pistol examine the same themes, but it's also based on a book: "Lonely Boy: Tales from a Sex Pistol" by guitarist Steve Jones.
Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll
Another option would be Denis Leary's FX series all about recapturing your rock n' roll glory days. The two-season comedy about the fictional band The Heathens also features great music, especially from Liz Gillies.
Vinyl
Mick Jagger and Martin Scorsese's take on the '70s music scene aims more towards crime within the industry than interpersonal drama, but it does feature portrayals of many real-life legends—including David Bowie, Karen Carpenter, Little Richard, Elvis Presley and many more. Unfortunately, Vinyl is not currently streaming for free after being removed from HBO Max.
Flight of the Conchords
While the HBO series from musical comedy duo Bret McKenzie and Jemaine Clement doesn't quite take place 50 years ago, the two-season show's aesthetic certainly fits. Plus, you'll probably love their humor just as much as their music.
I'm Dying Up Here
While it's not technically about music, this Showtime stand-up comedy period piece from Jim Carrey has a similar tone to Daisy Jones in that it's all about the struggles that come with the quest for stardom. Not to mention, it boasts quite an impressive cast, including Melissa Leo, Ari Graynor and Michael Angarano, to name a few.
Minx
Whereas Daisy Jones heavily features female friendship in a male-dominated industry, Minx tackles a similar story about female empowerment... only through the lens of a '70s erotic magazine instead of music. Plus, the nearly completed second season was just saved by Starz after being canceled by HBO Max, so you know you'll get to enjoy more in the future.

